The Byzantine domination in the Peloponnese offered a lot to the Italian Renaissance (Plithon Gemistos – Vissarion) but it was only a break in the slavery that lasted so many years, that is from 1430 to 1460, when the Othman Turks conquered Achaia under the rule of Mohamed Porthitis the Second.
They dominated Achaia in 1460 by conquering Kalavryta and other castles except that of Salmeniko which resisted the invaders for a whole year. There were a lot of revolutions during that occupation, the best-known of which being the battle of Nafpaktos in 1595.
The Turks dominated the area for 227 years, without erecting any buildings. Their only construction is the Kastelli of Moreas, that is the castle of Rio which was built in 1499 along with the castle of Antirio, on the order of sultan Vayiazit the Second.
In 1687, the Turks were forced to give way to the Enetians who conquered the Peloponnese under the leadership of Fr. Morozini and remained there until 1715. In their 28 years of reign, the new conquerors tried to revitalize the economy, by encouraging trade and introducing new administrative divisions called "Provincie ". Achaia was called "Provincie di Achaia", its capital city "Patrasso" and its "Territori" were A. Callavrita, B. Gastugni, C. Patrasso and D. Vostizza.
The reappearance of the Turks in the area took place in 1715 and lasted for 113 years, that is until 1828. Apart from the Greek Revolution of 1821, another significant event was the interest of the Russian Empire in Greece, expressed through the Orlofika events, that is the Revolution of 1770. On 29th March 1770, the Metropolitan bishop of Patras, Parthenios, gathered the elders in Aigio and declared the revolution against the Turkish domination by moving against the Turkish army in Kalavryta, while, at the same time, the people of Patras, Kefalonia and Zakynthos started besieging the castle of Patras. Unfortunately , the revolution was unsuccessful and its consequences were tragic for the greek people and the Movement of the Klephts on the mountains.
